For more than four decades, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) program has served as one of the federal government’s cornerstone efforts to ensure fair competition in transportation contracting. The DBE program originated when Congress recognized that women and minority-owned businesses were being systematically excluded from federal contracting opportunities, particularly contracting opportunities related to transportation infrastructure.
In 1982, Congress passed the Surface Transportation Assistance Act which required state and local transportation agencies receiving federal funding to structure procurements so that firms owned by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals would receive some part of the planned spending.
Rules were established so that DBE certification, eligibility, and participation goals were honored. The program has required prime contractors on federally funded projects to make good-faith efforts to partner with DBE firms. The objective was to ensure that some percentage of the billions spent each year on transportation infrastructure would also flow to firms historically left out of the process. This has been the norm for over 40 years.
Now, however, this long-standing framework is undergoing the most significant overhaul in decades. In October, the USDOT issued an Interim Final Rule that revised regulations for DBE and
Airport Concession DBE programs. The programs that ensured automatic race- and sex-based presumptions of social and economic disadvantage were changed. Under the new interim rule, every applicant, regardless of race or gender, must individually prove social and economic disadvantages. That will involve submitting a detailed narrative with supporting documentation describing the personal barriers and unequal access to contracting opportunities that the company faces.
The shift has been initiated by the Trump Administration’s federal priorities that question the legality of race and sex-based presumptions and decision making. The interim rule became effective the day it was announced even though a public comment period will remain open until Nov. 3, 2025.
Every firm currently certified as a DBE or ACDBE must now be reevaluated under new standards, and during that reevaluation, public entities receiving federal funding may not set new DBE contract goals or acknowledge DBE participation in contracting decisions. For contractors, this creates uncertainty in project planning and bid preparation.
Following the public comment period, a final rule will be issued. Contractors, trade associations, and certified firms are encouraged to submit comments which can be submitted electronically through the Federal eRulemaking Portal at www.regulations.gov under Docket No. DOT-OST-2025-0897.
Written submissions must reference the rule title: “Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program and Disadvantaged Business Enterprise in Airport Concessions Program Implementation Modifications.”
The new approach fundamentally questions designations and outlines changes as to how smaller firms can qualify. That results in a shifting procedural landscape for contractors.
This federal action appears to be part of a broader government-wide movement toward contracting. While this rule is unique to the departments of transportation nationwide, very similar reforms are reshaping other federal contracting programs.
The federal Small Business Administration’s (SBA) 8(a) Program, which supports socially and economically disadvantaged small businesses, has already eliminated its race- and gender-based presumptions. The SBA now requires every applicant to submit a detailed personal narrative showing the specific social and economic barriers they have faced. The Department of Justice also recently advised all federal agencies to ensure their programs comply with equal-protection standards that encourage race neutrality and individualized eligibility tests.
A handful of states have already stepped forward with similar plans for public guidance. The departments of transportation (DOT) in Texas, California, Illinois, Washington, and Georgia are at the forefront of this transition.
- Texas’ DOT published an official interim final rule update explaining that the state will pause all DBE goal setting and reevaluate existing certification requirements.
- California’s DOT issued statewide bulletins directing agencies to suspend DBE guidelines temporarily and begin aligning certification reviews with new mandated criteria.
- Illinois’s DOT posted guidance for the new federal mandates and also launched workshops and sent formal notices to all certified firms, requiring a reevaluation process that includes revised standards.
- Washington State’s DOT placed a temporary pause for small business or “federal SBE” goals while it recertifies DBEs.
- Georgia’s DOT formally acknowledged the interim final rule’s immediate effect and announced plans for statewide reevaluation.
Other states are watching closely. But, in each case, DOTs will ultimately reconcile their own contracting rules with the new federal mandates.
The bigger story is that the transition away from race- and gender-based presumptions toward individual proof of disadvantage is not confined to Washington, DC. A national shift in how inclusion will be defined and documented in government contracting is occurring rapidly. Even state contracting in other industry categories is beginning to translate constitutional mandates into procurement policy.
Smaller contracting firms should start reviewing their current certification materials and gathering documentation that demonstrates individual social and economic disadvantages. That will be required to save their DBE status. Even though there is no guarantee of consideration in contracting decisions, the likelihood is that the disadvantaged status will survive and be recognized in some way in future procurement decisions.
The shift in this regulatory framework is similar to many other changes currently occurring because of changes at the federal level of government. But proactive contractors and DBEs should watch diligently and work immediately to meet the new mandates to preserve their competitiveness in this next era of public contracting.
